Abstract:- A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates
cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than
manual cotton separation. The fibers are processed into clothing or other
cotton goods, and any undamaged seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to
produce cottonseed oil and meal. The cotton gin is a machine used to separate
cotton fibers from the seed. The double roller ginning machine consists of
various parts such as beater shaft, leather roller, moving knife, fixed knife,
feeder, etc. During the ginning
operation the shaft fails at certain location. The actual failure position of
shaft shown in fig no A was studied and the failure analysis using theories of
failure was used to identify and validate the place or point of failure.
I.
Introduction
Ginning, in its strictest sense, refers to the process of
separating cotton fibers from the seeds. The cotton gin has as its principal
function the conversion of a field crop into a salable commodity. Thus, it is
the bridge between cotton production and cotton manufacturing. Ginning is the first and most important
mechanical process by which seed cotton is separated into lint (fiber) and seed
and machine used for this separation is called as gin. It consists of two
spirally grooved leather roller pressed against a fixed knife, are made to
rotate at about 90-120 rpm. Two moving blades combined with seed grids
constitutes a central assembly known as beater which oscillates by means of a
crank or eccentric shaft, close to the fixed knife. When the seed cotton is fed
to the machine in action, fibers adhere to the rough surface of the roller are
carried in between the fixed knife and roller in such a way that the fibers are
partially gripped between them. The oscillating knife beats the seed and
separates the fibers. This process is repeated for number of times and due to
push-pull-hit action the fibers are separated from the seed, carried forward on
the roller and dropped out of machine. The ginned seeds drop down through the
grid which is oscillating along with beater.
Fig. 1: Double Roller Gin
machine
The beater assembly is the
innermost and major part of the double roller gin and is sandwiched
symmetrically between the stationary knives as shown in fig. It is composite unit consisting of moving
knives and seed grids situated on the either side of the beater shaft. It has
anchor shaped cross section and its axle is situated 100cm above ground and
15cm from each roller. Beater trough with perforations having concave edge with
radius of 565cm and angle of 144 degree between two arms is provided to stop unginned
cotton to fall down into seed chute.
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